Primary Grades (K-3)
Developmental Characteristics in the Primary Grades
The Kindergarten Child:
Will Probably Be:
- Extremely active
- Growing rapidly
- Susceptible to disease
- Interested in other children, yet individualistic
- Eager to please and imitate adults
- Maturing in motor control, can hop, jump and skip
- Eating, dressing, and toileting independently
- Losing his/her first teeth
- Farsighted, requiring large objects and close contact
Will Probably Have:
- Good reasoning powers
- Ability to plan and carry out plans and short-term projects
- Desire to speak plainly and use new words.
- Ability to relate experiences
- A changeable mind, gradually acquiring more defined ideas
Family Activities that Support Learning in Kindergarten:
- Read to and with your child daily and ask questions about the story
- Encourage older children to read to younger siblings
- Reinforce the importance of reading by being a reader yourself
- Label items around the house and encourage your child to read the labels
- Talk with and listen to your child
- Encourage your child to ask questions and seek answers
- Plan educational games with your child, including counting games
- Create special times for your child to be alone with you or to participate in activities with you
- Take your child places and talk about the places you visit.
- Read nursery rhymes, songs, and family stories to your child and encourage him/her to memorize the words.
- Give your child responsibilities to contribute to the family such as making the bed or picking up belongings
- Monitor your child’s TV viewing
- Teach your child to write his name using upper and lower case letters
- Teach your child his/her phone number and address
- Encourage the use of toys that develop small muscle coordination such as clay, small blocks, etc.
- Let your child know that you expect him/her to do well in school and to behave
The First Grade Child:
Will Probably Be:
- Impulsive: Tending to go to extremes of behavior
- Changeable: Experiencing periods of laughter and tears in quick succession; periods of deep thinking and periods of inattention
- Often dawdling: More interested in playing than in eating or dressing
- Often careless of his/her clothes or toys
- Active: climbing, running, wrestling
- Easily frustrated by lack of motor skills
- Enjoying imaginative play
- Demanding of other
- Becoming aware of past and future time
- Attempting to do things too difficult for him/her
- Aware of the world outside home
- Ready for anything new
Will Probably Have:
- Good reasoning powers
- Ability to plan and carry out plans and short-term projects
- Desire to speak plainly and use new words.
- Ability to relate experiences
- Much enjoyment from dramatic play
- Lengthening periods of calmness and self absorption
- An interest in collecting things and property rights to the things collected
Family Activities that Support Learning in First Grade:
- Continue to read to and with your child daily, pointing our simple words and sounds.
- Continue to encourage older siblings to read to and tutor younger siblings
- Make regular visits to the library with your child
- Point out printed words in the community or home—stop signs, words in the newspaper, signs in stores,
- Discuss and monitor television programs
- Take walks around the neighborhood, counting common objects such as trees, talking about local businesses, street names, and interesting points in nature.
- Tell stories about family history and culture
- Ask your child to count pennies or other coins when at the market
- Point out and discuss various shapes and sizes around the home—the circle on the clock face, size of a milk carton, etc.
- Link scheduled family activities to the time of day—lunch at noon, bedtime at 8:00, etc.
- Give your child responsibilities to contribute to the family such as cleaning his/her room, recycling
- Provide opportunities for your child to interact with members of the extended family: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc
The Second Grade Child:
Will Probably Be:
- Two or three inches taller than last year
- Sturdy and healthy
- Still for only a short while at a time
- A problem eater
- Losing baby teeth
- Showing a desire for freedom
- Showing independence from adults
- Aggressive sometimes and sympathetic others
- Emotional, particularly fearful of imaginary and improbable dangers
- Sensitive to ridicule, failure, loss of prestige
- A good listener
- A boaster
- Enjoying secrets with friends
- Interested in everything of the present time and immediate environment
- Enjoying some time alone
- Demanding of self
- A fan of riddles and simple jokes
- A complainer and moody
- Literal in thinking; not quite ready for abstract
Will Probably Have:
- A strong liking for anything that runs on wheels
- Much enjoyment from dramatic play
- Lengthening periods of calmness and self absorption
- Increased interest in team and group activities
- A well-developed competitive spirit
Family Activities that Support Learning for the Second Grader
- Let your child plan meals and cook with you focus on measuring and how foods and liquids change when heated
- Help your child make a map of his/her home or neighborhood, label simple items
- Encourage your child to do homework independently, while still expressing an interest in his/her work
- Teach your child to write simple thank you notes to grandparents, etc.
- Encourage your child to read books that contain factual information about dogs, plants, etc.
- Use reference materials in your home with your child—dictionaries, simple encyclopedias, computers, atlases, etc.
- Find the country of your ancestors on a map and trace their route to America.
- Talk about your job and how it affects others in the community.
- Have your child become familiar with the prices of common items.
- Gradually increase your child’s level of home responsibility.
The Third Grade Child:
Will Probably Be:
- More able to control large muscles than smaller ones
- Interested in cliques, teams, and own gender
- Sensitive to ridicule, failure, loss of prestige
- Developing better eye-hand coordination
- Somewhat inclined to hit, tease, and punch
- Careless about how dirty he/she gets for the fun of it
- Unable to maintain a long attention span
- Serious about self and ability to imitate adult behavior
Will Probably Have:
- A desire for group play activity and teams
- Growing ability to make social responses
- Interest in dressing up and playing parts
- Tendency to use unacceptable language
- A strong sense of justice as he/she sees it
- Contradictory skills
- Varying emotional patterns of fear, joy, jealousy, and affection
- Fear of such things as blood, ghosts, lightening, robbers, dark, solitude
- Ideas and desires to create things beyond his/her ability.
- Sexual modesty
- Eagerness for new experiences
- Enthusiasm and energy
- Difficulty with follow-through
Family Activities that Support Learning in Third Grade
- Continue to read to and with your child daily, choosing a variety of literature and longer books that can be read over an extended period of time
- Share your enjoyment of reading with your child
- Visit museums, parks, aquariums, and cultural events and discuss them with your child; as possible, connect family outings to your child’s school studies
- Talk to your child about what you do to help your community and involve your child where possible; for example, participate in the Human Race or other community event as a family
- Provide your child with access to the local newspaper and discuss current events at the dinner table.
- Help your child memorize multiplication facts in a fun, game-like manner.
- Involve your child in developing family traditions for holidays, special occasions and times of seasonal